Which mathematician is credited with the coordinate plane?

Rene Descartes is credited with the development of the coordinate plane, which is a fundamental framework in mathematics that combines algebra and geometry. He introduced a method of graphing equations on a two-dimensional surface using a pair of perpendicular axes, typically labeled as the x-axis and the y-axis. This innovation allowed for the representation of geometric shapes and algebraic equations in a visual format, enabling mathematicians to analyze relationships and solve problems by interpreting graphs.

This method of using coordinates to locate points in a plane not only provided a way to visualize mathematical concepts but also significantly advanced calculus and analytical geometry. Descartes' work laid the foundation for future developments in mathematics and is a critical component of various disciplines within the field.

In contrast, the other mathematicians mentioned contributed to different areas of mathematics. Euclid is known for his foundational work in geometry, particularly in "The Elements," while Galileo made strides in physics and observational astronomy. Pythagoras is best remembered for his contributions to number theory and the Pythagorean theorem, but not for the coordinate plane.